宽幅高速低雾度BOPP高收缩烟膜工艺研究

研究了宽幅高速双拉设备制取的BOPP高收缩烟膜在生产及储存过程中雾度的变化情况。对比分析拉伸倍率、拉伸温度、定型温度、横拉出口冷却温度对BOPP收缩膜雾度变化的影响,结果表明:在相同的配方条件下,采用低拉伸温度、高拉伸倍率、低定型温度、低冷却温度,可制得低雾度BOPP高收缩烟膜,且雾度不会随着时间推移而明显的增大。     

单机双级滚动活塞式压缩机适宜容积比的探讨

为研究以R410A为工质的两级压缩制冷循环性能,模拟计算两级压缩制冷循环制冷系数随工况和高低压容积比的变化情况,以及不同工况下容积比与中间温度变化的关系。得出结论,在蒸发温度3~9℃,冷凝温度35~50℃范围内,相同蒸发温度和冷凝温度下,容积比越大对应的中间温度越低,当容积比ζ在3/4~4/5之间时,循环制冷系数更为接近最大制冷系数。本研究为合理选择两级压缩高低压容积比、确定最佳运行工况提供指导。     

高速率光信号消光比测量的误差分析

介绍了基于示波器眼图的对光纤通信系统中高速率光信号消光比的测量方法,对测量过程中的主要误差来源进行了详细分析,并给出了减小这些误差项对测量结果影响的解决办法。     

空气能制冷新理念

机房设备对温度、环境的要求非常高,长期以来机房用空调器始终存在耗电大、使用维修成本高等问题。从节能降耗出发,通过理论分析和计算,说明了空气能制冷的可行性和节能效果。采用空气能量交换与传统压缩机制冷相结合方式,设计出了节能降耗、实用性强,可用于大热源场所的新型机房空调器。介绍了新型机房空调器的结构及工作原理。     

亲水性固结磨料研磨垫自修整过程的实现探索

亲水性固结磨料研磨垫(FAP)的自修整过程影响着其加工性能的稳定性.采用亲水性树脂和铜粉制备固结磨料研磨垫,研究研磨液中添加不同含量三乙醇胺对树脂基体砂浆磨损率及研磨垫材料去除率大小、稳定性的影响,以此来判断研磨垫的自修整性能,探索亲水性固结磨料研磨垫自修整的实现机理.结果表明:在本文实验所考察范围内,随着研磨液中三乙醇胺含量的增加,树脂基体的砂浆磨损率升高,当三乙醇胺体积比从0升至5%时,砂浆磨损率从0.003 3 g上升至0.009 1 g;研磨液中三乙醇胺浓度的提高有助于其材料去除率的稳定,当三乙醇胺体积比从0升至5.0%时,材料去除率的稳定性从11%提升至42.9%.可见,研磨液中加入三乙醇胺可以改善含铜粉亲水性固结磨料研磨垫的自修整性能.     

Fatigue crack growth law of API X80 pipeline steel under various stress ratios based on J‐integral

Load‐controlled three‐point bending fatigue tests were conducted on API X80 pipeline steel to investigate the effects of stress ratio and specimen orientation on the fatigue crack growth behaviour. Because of the high strength and toughness of X80 steel, crack growth rate was measured and plotted versus ΔJ with stress ratio. The fatigue crack length is longer in the transverse direction, whereas the fatigue crack growth rates are nearly the same in different orientations. Finally, a new fatigue crack growth model was proposed. The effective J‐integral range was modified by ΔJ_p in order to correlate crack closure effect due to large‐scale yield of crack tip. The model was proved to fit well for fatigue crack growth rate of API X80 at various stress ratios of R > 0.     

两段式喷嘴引射器及其引射制冷系统性能实验研究

对采用两段式喷嘴引射器的两相流引射制冷系统进行了实验研究,并将两段式喷嘴的引射比及其系统COP分别与拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比及其系统COP进行了比较。实验结果表明：在冷凝/蒸发温度为45 ℃/1 ℃工况下,使用不同几何尺寸两段式喷嘴引射器的引射比均大于拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比,最大提高了约18%;使用两段式喷嘴引射器的制冷系统COP大于使用拉法尔喷嘴引射器的制冷系统COP,最大提高了约12%;在蒸发温度为1 ℃条件下,两段式喷嘴引射器及拉法尔喷嘴引射器的引射比均在冷凝温度为45 ℃时达到最大值,而在冷凝温度为50 ℃条件下,两种引射器的引射比均在蒸发温度为3 ℃时达到最大值。     

某地铁列车空调制冷系统的仿真与优化

我国的地铁建设正处于高速发展期,但目前典型地铁列车空调制冷系统的能效比只有2.2～2.3,远低于同类工况下住宅空调制冷系统的能效水平。针对此问题,先建立了某地铁空调制冷系统模型,仿真与系统测试结果吻合良好。然后通过详细的仿真分析,改进蒸发器和冷凝器的制冷剂流路设计、采用小排量高能效比压缩机等方法,使得系统在冷量和成本基本不变的情况下能效比提升了21.7%。最后,研究了制冷剂R410A替代R407C的系统性能变化,系统能效比可进一步提升11.3%,达到3以上。该研究方法及结果对于设计高效节能的地铁列车空调制冷系统具有参考价值。     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of GH984G alloy with different Ti/Al ratios during long-term thermal exposure

GH984G alloy is a low cost Ni–Fe based wrought superalloy designed for 700 °C advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) coal-fired power plants. In this paper, the microstructure evolution and tensile properties of GH984G alloy with different Ti/Al ratios during thermal exposure at different high temperatures are investigated. Detailed microstructure analysis reveals that the Microstructure of alloys with different Ti/Al ratios are similar after standard heat treatment, and the primary precipitates are γ′, MC, M₂₃C₆ and M₂B. However, η phase precipitates at grain boundary in the alloy with high Ti/Al ratio after thermal exposure at 750 °C for 570 h. By contrast, the microstructure stability of the alloy with lower Ti/Al ratio is excellent. There is no detrimental phase even if after thermal exposure at 750 °C for 5000 h in the alloy with lower Ti/Al ratio. γ′ coarsening plays a great role on the tensile strength, and the critical size range of γ′ could be defined as approximately 27–40 nm. The influence of η phase on tensile strength has close relationship with its volume fraction, the high volume fraction results in the decrease of tensile strength. The tensile strength of the alloy with lower Ti/Al ratio is obviously higher than the alloy with higher Ti/Al ratio and the yield strength has no obvious decrease during long-term thermal exposure at 700 °C. It is demonstrated that the thermal stability of microstructure and mechanical properties of GH984G alloy can be improved by moderately decreasing Ti/Al ratio to satisfy the requirement of A-USC plants.